Process of obtaining ammonia from gas.



WJMAM: l? JA H. KGIPBBS. PROCESS 0F OBTAINING AMMQNIA PROM GAS. nunmalNum In's, 190'9.

PatentedJan. 4, 1910.

i i i UNriJisi? S'l-ATES PATl-NT 'OFFICE' ,HEINRICH KQPPERS, orESsisNoN-THELRUHR, GERMANY. rmx-:Ess 0F OBTAINING AMMONIAFRQM GAS.

A vSpecification of Letters Patent. J'Utent ed Ja'li.` @L 1910..ippiicaaoit mea my 2o. isos" serai No. 4971172.

'I'o u-ll trimm 'it Turm comurn.: l ratos. In thc lattt-r thc cooletlgases are re.- lie it known that I, liuixiiit'ii Koi-i'izn'i lieatt-llry contact with the pipes 13 through a citizen ol' the (vrnianllinpire. :intl resiwhich thc hot, ci'utle gases llow.Y :nul thc rctlcntoll fit) 'lseuliergsii'assc. lsscu-on-thchtatei'! gas-cs llow throufghtht` pipe. 3 to -tlic tio Ruhr, tlcriuaiiv. havt` inn-mula new and4saturation wssel :'26 ainl issue from ilaperuseful Process 'ot'.lrotlnt-iug' nnnoniuin l'tzi'a'tetl distributing ringr 'T into' thehath Sulfato from (iases, of which the following i of sulfuric acitl orac itl ly o.- ln this hath isla specification. thc gases give oilaniiiionta, ainl the salt This invontimi is an Imprim-input in the.irotluccd accumulates in the. forni ofsalt in lo pmwg qm-(ijn'lwl-lwm-(l moei uw tht` .well Elfroin which it is thcn I'ciuovcd gpasscil through a hath of sulfuric at-ul or vthrough pipe lhe. gascsfrcetl from aml 'acid lye't'or the purpose oll -proth'icing am- HIUHHI110W tlllfilljlli tilt pipo 3l) to the linal i :intiiiiuin sulfate,asset' forth in iny Reissue- "no ltr 3l, :intl iinping'c on pipesthrough Patent Nm *11971, (Ol-igmt )latent No, which coolingr tluitlllows. 'l roin the cooler 70 15 852,976.) In the` prot-css set forth inthtl :il the gases llow through pipe for iurpatentv citt-tl the vaporsgenerati-tl h y the ther use. i

precipitated aniinoinacal liquor are 'atltlerl lll l1"d' llj"fLUll'ltlliiwll :Separated to the gases before the samc ntci thesatufl'Ul uw gil-"05 l il?? lltlll-tXtlllliglig atpptxration hath;vAccording to tho prt-sent'. in- THUIS 10, CUOltiiS 14, t1|.i'-scparator21, and 75 volition these. vapors arc adtlcal to thc crudal cooler 3lpass through thc. overflow vossels lgas, priorto ilul coolingr ofthe gasand the 34,- iif 36 ml WDG 3T m0 lll@ Ulldlll 33 'separation ot' tai'.By this means all the lttlfllllg to tlic. receptacle-itt)- In thcAlatter ammonia is restored to 4the gas, without loss, Uli' Sltdpltltlllttts iil' Hcparatcel by gravity.

'constituents tlcrivtal t'rtu'n the liquor. gas is by this meansobtained, in which the l proprrtion of water dot-s not, exccetl theproainl the siiliscqueiittreatinentof the mixture ainl80 in the coolingapparatus and tar separator precipitates4 the wateiwhich wasl tlrivonolf with thv aiuinoiiia and scparates` the tlarry ure portion whichsaturutes the gas at. the lowest the tar llznving'into the receptacle4U. tlm'ainiiioniacal liquor into thel receptacle 4l 'l'he liquor ispuinpt-tl b v incaiis of thc pump 42 through the pipi-. l into thecoluini; sti

44 in whi'cliit tlescoiitls, traversing a tici' of tloors 455 providedivith bosses. the pipe 4tgtiows in the opposit dircction.' 'l`hori-sidialliquitl flows through. the pipe 4T; the vapors flow through thepipe 48 to itcaiii from 85 temperature ataineil hiring the. cooling;process.

The accompanying. tlrawing'is n vertical 35 section of apparatussuitable for the piu'- poses of 'the iiuprovetl process. A

. In tho drawing. lt) represents a li0at; ex.4 chaiigiug'.apparatus towhich tho cruile gases froni the ort-ns flow through thc pipe 40 11,'aiitl front which thc saidl gas llows through the pipo l2. The uppci"antl lower-i parts ofv the hcat exchanging apparatus are l connected hytht pipes .1.3. The coolers 14 consist of two columns coniicototl in.Hei-ics 45,1hy pipes l5. 'l'.htcooliii; r Iluitl [lows downthe upperpart. of th heatexchangiiig apparatus l0. v .90 The -functitm oftlie'apparatus described is as follows '1`lie gases cooled iii tl'xoparatus 10 "and coolers H arc dclivcret he blower 19 tothetar-sparator .21v and tence ttow hack to the apparatus'ltl, in whichthey 95 aro rc-lieated to a temperature above that; :n. wliicli they.are saturated by the amount of water contained in them;` By rcason ofthisl super-heated coiiclition'of tho gases, anifinoniuin sul-fatc isseparated Iiii a soliti state 100 in the saturation vessel :26j-in ltheabsence of dissolving action .by coiidonsing water. '.l`hei l l wai-tlin thest` roluinns through pipas lt',l

It), which tlelivcrs the fases through that The mixing of theammonia-laden vapors pipe '0 t0 the lar separator 2l. in which thc fromtho tower 44 witli'the tiinlc gasPs has :.{iihc llow through apcrforatctl hclljai' 225, tho following etfect.. vrlhcl Steain ini\etlwith balanced hy n ieans ol' a wcight'. 22. From the aininoniaiscoinlcnsetl, and absorbs part H" of thc ammonia. 'lhis continues untila con i through at l tlition obtains when thc liquor llowiiig to 55 thctar-separator tht,l gases llow ii )eZl hack to thc heat. cxchaiwiu" a iial l D u Il the tower is entirely saturated with ammonia, :fr-:l theliberated ammonia remains in the gasA 'l'he loading of the gas withsteam, injurious to the action in the saturation vcsset 26, is thusprevented, and on the other hand the cnriching ot' the gas u ith ammoniareduces the prtfportiou of inactive. gas which must pass through theacid. It also follows that the super-heated condition of the gases isattained at a much lower temperature, so that the chemical action in thesaturation bath can take place, tor example, at a temperature ctapproximately 40" C., and for the pmthiction ot' nem sait this reductionof tempt-rature is of the greatest import ance.

W'ith regard to the production of tar the improved process dcscrihcd isalso of considerable advantage. As is well known, the ammoniacal liquorcontaining the "tixed portion ot' the an'nnonist lissolves a largeamount of tarry constituents ont of the tar separated with the vater.When the liquor is distilled the greater portion of this tarry mattergoes with the annnonia, and then stparfated in the acid hath, soilingthe latter 'tuti the sait, andbeing attacked by the acid. in theimproved process these tarry constituents' are continuouulyrta-separated with the hulk of the tar in the tar-separator.

Another advantage of the improved process is the avoidance oidiscoloration of the sahby ferro-cyanid compounds arising from theaction ct the gas on iron pipes in the present-cof water. Whereasformerly these ctn-:ipomuls catered the bath, they are separated withthe other constituents in the nnproved process before the production ofthe Salt4 The temperature in the tar separator being rai ammonia g igases treed from tar, conducting said gases already comparatively low,the vapors from the ammonia tower may in some cases be led directly tcthe tarscparator, in which they are subjected to a sufiicient reductionof temperature. The essential feature is that these vapors are cooledfreed from tar, and mixed with the crude gases.

What I claim is 2- 1. Process ot' obtaining ammonia and tar from thegases of the dry distillation or gasitieationf fuels. which consists incooling said gases so as to condense tar and gas water, passing thegases through a tar separatolgwitl lrawing the tar, superheatingthe toan acid saturation bath, passing the gas water through a column still toform a mixture of ammonia and steam, cooling said mixture, separatingIthe tar and water-therefrom, and adding the residual ammoniato the gas.

Process of obtaining ammonia andutar from the gases of the drydistillation or gasltication ot' fuels, which consists in cooling saidgases so as to condense tar and gas water, passing the gases through atar separator, withdrawing the tar, superheating the gases freed fromtar, conducting said gases to an acid .saturation bath, passing the gaswater through a column still to form a mixture of ammonia and steam,adding said mixture to the raw gas, cooling the mixture, and separatin rthe tar and water.

Signed by me at Joliet, illinois, this 11th day of May 1909.

HEINRICH KOPPERS.

Witnesses Louis `WILPim'rH, R. GUNnsRsoN.

re atltant

